| 1 | | Scripps News | |
| Subscribers | Subscribers Change | Country |
|---|
614K | +0.33 %
| USA | | Channel Description |
|---|
Scripps News is the only free 24/7 live news network in the U.S. available on your TV antenna or favorite streaming device. Scripps News delivers context-driven, fact-based journalism focused on “the why” of every story. Learn more at scrippsnews.com.
| | Channel Keywords |
|---|
| | Content Territory |
|---|
israel palestine conflict 1.5M |
|
|
| 2 | | Google Research | |
| Subscribers | Subscribers Change | Country |
|---|
544K | -0.18 %
| USA | | Channel Description |
|---|
Welcome to the official YouTube channel for Google Research. Explore video content that tackles state of the art research across Google like ML/AI, robotics, theory and algorithms, quantum computing, health, bioscience, and much more. Learn about the latest publications, research breakthroughs and the people behind them. Subscribe to get updates and enjoy! | | Channel Keywords |
|---|
| | Content Territory |
|---|
artificial intelligence 1.8M healthcare innovation 4.4K |
|
|
| 3 | | Microsoft Research | |
| Subscribers | Subscribers Change | Country |
|---|
349K | +0.29 %
| USA | | Channel Description |
|---|
At Microsoft Research, we accelerate scientific discovery and technology innovation to empower every person and organization on the planet to achieve more. We do this by bringing together the best minds across diverse disciplines and backgrounds to take on the most pressing research challenges for Microsoft and for society.
Our Research Lens
We consider research directions through the lens of the positive impact we aspire to create with and for customers, communities, and all of society.
| | Channel Keywords |
|---|
| | Content Territory |
|---|
artificial intelligence 1.8M decision support systems 27K arrhythmia diagnosis 1.3K |
|
|
| 4 | | Quantum Gravity Research | |
| Subscribers | Subscribers Change | Country |
|---|
240K | +0.42 %
| USA | | Channel Description |
|---|
Quantum Gravity Research is a Los Angeles based organization of scientists working on developing a first-principles quantum gravity unification theory while supporting the global physics community at large through collaborative research. The group’s core focus, Emergence Theory, is being developed by a team of dedicated physicists and mathematicians using E8-derived quasicrystal mathematics to weave together quantum mechanics, general and special relativity, the standard model and other mainstream physics theories into a complete, fundamental picture of a discretized, self-actualizing universe.
The group was founded in 2009 by Klee Irwin and currently has over 20 scientists world-wide working on Emergence Theory.
Please consider supporting our mission with as little as $1/month: https://quantumgravityresearch.givingcircles.io
QGR WEBSITE: http://www.quantumgravityresearch.org
PEER-REVIEWED RESEARCH PAPERS & PRESENTATIONS: http://www.quantumgravityresearch.org/publications | | Channel Keywords |
|---|
| | Content Territory |
|---|
consciousness studies 880 code of the universe 1.3K |
|
|
| 5 | | CERN | |
| Subscribers | Subscribers Change | Country |
|---|
232K | +0.43 %
| Switzerland | | Channel Description |
|---|
#CERN is the European laboratory for particle physics, home to the Large Hadron Collider. Here, scientists study the fundamental particles that make up the world around us, working to find out what the Universe is made of and how it works. The world's largest and most complex scientific instruments are used to study the basic constituents of matter. By studying what happens when these particles collide, physicists learn about the laws of Nature.
-----
CERN welcomes your comments and will moderate comments using these guidelines:
- Please keep comments relevant. Irrelevant, inappropriate or offensive comments may be deleted.
- Stay on topic. Other readers expect the comments about a post to deal with the topic at hand. | | Channel Keywords |
|---|
| | Content Territory |
|---|
No keywords found |
|
|
| 6 | | The Royal Society | |
| Subscribers | Subscribers Change | Country |
|---|
225K | +0.9 %
| United Kingdom | | Channel Description |
|---|
The Royal Society is a Fellowship of the world's most eminent scientists and is the oldest scientific academy in continuous existence.
We aim to recognise, promote, and support excellence in science and to encourage the development and use of science for the benefit of humanity. | | Channel Keywords |
|---|
| | Content Territory |
|---|
consciousness studies 880 |
|
|
| 7 | | Google ATAP | |
| Subscribers | Subscribers Change | Country |
|---|
128K | -0.78 %
| USA | | Channel Description |
|---|
The future is what we choose to make. We make what we believe in. Welcome to Google's ATAP group. | | Content Territory |
|---|
ambient experimentation - artificial intelligence 1.8M google spotlight stories 880 |
|
|
| 8 | | CEA | |
| Subscribers | Subscribers Change | Country |
|---|
127K | +1.6 %
| France | | Channel Description |
|---|
Vous êtes curieux de sciences et de technologies ? Vous souhaitez découvrir et comprendre en vidéos l'énergie nucléaire, les énergies renouvelables, la radioactivité, la physique-chimie, le climat et l'environnement, la santé et les sciences du vivant, la tech, la matière et l'Univers ? Alors découvrez et abonnez-vous dès maintenant à la chaîne You Tube du CEA.
Acteur majeur de la recherche et de l’innovation en France et à l'international, le CEA apporte des solutions concrètes dans quatre domaines principaux : transition énergétique, transition numérique, technologies pour la médecine du futur, défense et sécurité. | | Channel Keywords |
|---|
| | Content Territory |
|---|
No keywords found |
|
|
| 9 | | Collège de France | |
| Subscribers | Subscribers Change | Country |
|---|
124K | +5.98 %
| France | | Channel Description |
|---|
Le Collège de France est une institution de recherche fondamentale dans tous les domaines de la connaissance et un lieu de diffusion du « savoir en train de se faire » ouvert à tous.
Les cours, séminaires, colloques sont enregistrés puis mis à disposition du public sur le site internet du Collège de France.
Consultez l'agenda des prochains cours, en accès libre et gratuit : https://www.college-de-france.fr/site/agenda
Pour effectuer des recherches multicritères dans le fonds vidéo du Collège de France, rendez-vous sur :
https://www.college-de-france.fr
Soutenir le Collège de France :
https://www.fondation-cdf.fr/faire-un-don
Le Collège de France est membre associé de l’université Paris Sciences & Lettres (PSL). | | Channel Keywords |
|---|
| | Content Territory |
|---|
No keywords found |
|
|
| 10 | | IBM Research | |
| Subscribers | Subscribers Change | Country |
|---|
111K | +4.72 %
| USA | | Channel Description |
|---|
IBM Research is a group of researchers, scientists, technologists, designers, and thinkers inventing what’s next in computing.
We’re relentlessly curious about all the ways that computing can change the world. We’re obsessed with advancing the state of the art in AI and hybrid cloud, and quantum computing. We’re discovering the new materials for the next generation of computer chips; we’re building bias-free AI that can take the burden out of business decisions; we’re designing a hybrid-cloud platform that essentially operates as the world’s computer. We’re moving quantum computing from a theoretical concept to machines that will redefine industries.
The problems the world is facing today require us to work faster than ever before. We want to catalyze scientific progress by scaling the technologies we’re working on and deploying them with partners across every industry and field of study. Our goal is to be the engine of change for IBM, our partners, and the world at large.
| | Channel Keywords |
|---|
| | Content Territory |
|---|
artificial intelligence 1.8M |
|
|
| 11 | | Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory | |
| Subscribers | Subscribers Change | Country |
|---|
87K | +0.69 %
| USA | | Channel Description |
|---|
We use science and technology to make the world a safer place. Founded in 1952, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is a Department of Energy national security laboratory, operated by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. | | Channel Keywords |
|---|
| | Content Territory |
|---|
lawrence livermore national laboratory 41K science and technology for safety - supercomputing problems - data storage solutions 1.6K artificial intelligence in science 1.3K climate change mitigation 6.6K materials science applications 260 |
|
|
| 12 | | Google Quantum AI | |
| Subscribers | Subscribers Change | Country |
|---|
80K | +0.5 %
| USA | | Channel Description |
|---|
Welcome to the official YouTube Channel for Quantum AI. Explore our how-to videos on programming quantum computers, stay up-to-date with the latest scientific breakthroughs, or discover new tools to use for your next quantum project. Subscribe to our channel, so you don’t miss the newest updates in the quantum community! | | Content Territory |
|---|
artificial intelligence 1.8M science breakthroughs 3.6K quantum error correction - |
|
|
| 13 | | Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques (IHES) | |
| Subscribers | Subscribers Change | Country |
|---|
71K | +0.42 %
| France | | Channel Description |
|---|
L'Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques est un institut de recherche avancée en mathématiques, physique théorique et toute autre science qui s'y rattache. Établissement privé, l'IHES est une fondation reconnue d'utilité publique depuis 1981.
Vous trouverez les vidéos des conférences scientifiques données à l'IHES à partir de septembre 2013.
En attendant leur transfert vous pouvez retrouver les vidéos plus anciennes sur notre chaine Daily Motion | | Channel Keywords |
|---|
| | Content Territory |
|---|
No keywords found |
|
|
| 14 | | Santa Fe Institute | |
| Subscribers | Subscribers Change | Country |
|---|
70K | +0.57 %
| USA | | Channel Description |
|---|
Our researchers endeavor to understand and unify the underlying, shared patterns in complex physical, biological, social, cultural, technological, and even possible astrobiological worlds. Our global research network of scholars spans borders, departments, and disciplines, unifying curious minds steeped in rigorous logical, mathematical, and computational reasoning. As we reveal the unseen mechanisms and processes that shape these evolving worlds, we seek to use this understanding to promote the well-being of humankind and of life on earth.
Learn more at https://santafe.edu | | Channel Keywords |
|---|
| | Content Territory |
|---|
interdisciplinary research 2.9K artificial intelligence 1.8M collective intelligence 5.4K |
|
|
| 15 | | iterorganization | |
| Subscribers | Subscribers Change | Country |
|---|
68K | +0.74 %
| France | | Channel Description |
|---|
ITER ("The Way" in Latin) is one of the most ambitious energy projects in the world today.
In southern France, 35 nations are collaborating to build the world's largest tokamak, a magnetic fusion device that has been designed to prove the feasibility of fusion as a large-scale and carbon-free source of energy based on the same principle that powers our Sun and stars.
The experimental campaign that will be carried out at ITER is crucial to advancing fusion science and preparing the way for the fusion power plants of tomorrow.
ITER will be the first fusion device to produce net energy, maintain fusion for long periods of time, and ITER will be the first fusion device to test the integrated technologies, materials, and physics regimes necessary for the commercial production of fusion-based electricity.
Videos from ITER are generally considered to be in the Creative Commons. Please send an email to the address below for file requests, including the URLs for requested videos.
| | Channel Keywords |
|---|
| | Content Territory |
|---|
No keywords found |
|
|
| 16 | | MaxPlanckSociety | |
| Subscribers | Subscribers Change | Country |
|---|
60K | +0.17 %
| Germany | | Channel Description |
|---|
Die Max-Planck-Gesellschaft besteht aus 85 Instituten und Forschungseinrichtungen; 5 Institute und eine Außenstelle befinden sich im Ausland. Max-Planck-Institute betreiben Grundlagenforschung in den Natur-, Bio-, Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften.
Bitte achtet beim Austausch mit anderen Nutzern auf unsere Netiquette: www.mpg.de/socialmedia/netiquette
www.mpg.de/impressum
The research institutes of the Max Planck Society perform basic research in the interest of the general public in the natural sciences, life sciences, social sciences, and the humanities. There are 85 institutes and research facilities employing approximately 24,000 employees.
Please pay attention to our netiquette guiedelines when exchanging information with other users: www.mpg.de/8837840/netiquette
www.mpg.de/imprint | | Channel Keywords |
|---|
| | Content Territory |
|---|
No keywords found |
|
|
| 17 | | Geladen Batteriepodcast | |
| Subscribers | Subscribers Change | Country |
|---|
48K | +1.28 %
| Germany | | Channel Description |
|---|
Geladen liefert dir jeden Sonntag spannende Gespräche rund um Batterien, Elektroautos und die Energiewende. Daniel Messling und Patrick von Rosen sprechen mit führenden Energie-Expertinnen & Experten über alles, was Akku hat: vom E-Auto über Smartphones und Heimspeicher bis zur elektrischen Zahnbürste. 🔋
Ob Stammtisch-Mythen über Elektroautos, neue Durchbrüche in der Batterieforschung oder die Herausforderungen der Energiewende – hier bekommst du echte Fakten statt Halbwissen.⚡
Werde selbst zum Batterie-Experten und gestalte die Energiewende aktiv mit! Vielen Dank an 100.000 Geladen-Abonnenten und die Community für die tollen Themenvorschläge! 🌍
Ein KIT-Podcast, produziert vom Exzellenzcluster POLiS, der Forschungsplattform CELEST und dem Helmholtz-Institut Ulm (HIU). Website: www.geladen-podcast.de | Alle Links: www.linktr.ee/geladen | Kooperationen: [email protected] | Inhalt: [email protected]
| | Channel Keywords |
|---|
Prof. Maximilian Fichtner | | Content Territory |
|---|
No keywords found |
|
|
| 18 | | WGSN | |
| Subscribers | Subscribers Change | Country |
|---|
35K | +0.29 %
| USA | | Channel Description |
|---|
WGSN is the world's leading consumer trend forecaster.
Our accurate forecasts provide global trend insights, expertly curated data and industry expertise to help you understand consumer behaviour and lifestyles, create products with confidence and trade at the right time.
Together, we create tomorrow.
| | Channel Keywords |
|---|
| | Content Territory |
|---|
cosmoprof milan design week - euroluce interiors foodie drinks wgsn ces 2024 tech innovations summer vibes summer fancy food show las vegas google assistant meta business model device ownership subscription marketing strategies y2k trends retaining brand loyalty nihilism sustainable living gen alpha lifestyle outdoor advertising cmf strategy social media chinese customer behavior transparent knitwear supply chain psychedelic market halalfriendly cities sober night life winter styling denim and the working woman sustainable web3 recession proof of retail digital nomads going beyond sustainability aio opportunities for brands gen z night life tiktok marketing newer niches activewear core trends anhedonia effect aw 23 catwalks wellness and cost of living cities inspiring creativity next overs youth fashion trends ss crafting investing in menswear gen z habits future of camo wear pet industry key drivers halal beauty solar power during inflation strategic cmf wellnesstechnology footwear and accessories apac conscious consumer lunar food and drink brand community engagement sustainables sportswear mens we catwalk trends ss 23 press previews springs summer 2023 skirts kids waertrends two mile shoes the rise of tweakment culture low rise jeans future proofing your business identity web3 reaching mobile first sea audiences carbon neutral packaging smart tech improving homes home tech for aging society smart tech mcf - |
|
|
| 19 | | NIBIB | |
| Subscribers | Subscribers Change | Country |
|---|
31K | +0.64 %
| USA | | Channel Description |
|---|
The National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering is one of 27 Institutes and Centers that comprise the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The mission of NIBIB is to improve health by leading the development and accelerating the application of biomedical technologies. The Institute is committed to integrating the physical and engineering sciences with the life sciences to advance basic research and medical care.
These videos highlight and explore the various scientific elements that make up NIBIB—from engineering new livers and diagnosing cancer more easily to getting clearer and more accurate images from inside the human body. | | Channel Keywords |
|---|
| | Content Territory |
|---|
national institute of biomedical imaging and bioengineering 320 biomedical imaging and bioengineering 10 nih institutes and centers 320 health care technology 9.9K magnetic resonance imaging 823K computer tomography scan 210 cellular level exploration - |
|
|
| 20 | | ICTP Mathematics | |
| Subscribers | Subscribers Change | Country |
|---|
31K | +0.65 %
| Italy | | Channel Description |
|---|
Videos from the Mathematics Section at ICTP | | Content Territory |
|---|
No keywords found |
|
|
| 21 | | Histoire et archéologie - Collège de France | |
| Subscribers | Subscribers Change | Country |
|---|
30K | +2.05 %
| France | | Channel Description |
|---|
La chaîne Histoire et archéologie donne à voir tous les enseignements donnés par les professeurs du Collège de France spécialistes de ces domaines, ainsi que les séminaires et les colloques, les archives et les vidéos les plus récentes.
Le Collège de France est une institution de recherche fondamentale dans tous les champs de la connaissance et un lieu de diffusion du « savoir en train de se faire » ouvert à tous.
Les cours, séminaires, colloques sont enregistrés puis mis à disposition du public sur le site internet du Collège de France.
Consultez l'agenda des prochains cours, en accès libre et gratuit pour tous : https://www.college-de-france.fr/agenda
Suivez l'actualité des chaires en histoire et archéologie ou (re)découvrez les cours des anciens professeurs :
https://www.college-de-france.fr/le-college/chaires-statutaires
Soutenir le Collège de France :
https://www.fondation-cdf.fr/faire-un-don
| | Channel Keywords |
|---|
| | Content Territory |
|---|
No keywords found |
|
|
| 22 | | Int'l Centre for Theoretical Physics | |
| Subscribers | Subscribers Change | Country |
|---|
30K | +0.34 %
| Italy | | Channel Description |
|---|
This is the official YouTube channel for the International Centre for Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy. The comments are moderated; we follow simple rules: be nice and stick to the topic. | | Channel Keywords |
|---|
| | Content Territory |
|---|
No keywords found |
|
|
| 23 | | TWI Ltd | |
| Subscribers | Subscribers Change | Country |
|---|
27K | +1.5 %
| United Kingdom | | Channel Description |
|---|
TWI is one of the world's foremost independent research and technology organisations, with expertise in solving problems in all aspects of manufacturing, fabrication and whole-life integrity management technologies. | | Channel Keywords |
|---|
| | Content Territory |
|---|
the welding institute 1.3K structural integrity 8.1K engineering undistilled podcast - manufacturing technologies 9.9K fabrication techniques 880 artificial intelligence in ndt - machine learning for industry 390 |
|
|
| 24 | | ICTP Postgraduate Diploma Programme | |
| Subscribers | Subscribers Change | Country |
|---|
24K | +1.27 %
| Italy | | Channel Description |
|---|
Supporting its mission to promote advanced scientific research in developing countries, ICTP offers a Postgraduate Diploma Programme that prepares talented students for PhD studies.
This one-year pre-PhD programme consists of two semesters of basic and advanced courses given by experts in the following fields:
- High Energy, Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics (HECAP)
- Condensed Matter Physics (CMP)
- Earth System Physics (ESP)
- Mathematics (MTH)
The Programme is open to young qualified graduates in physics, mathematics or related fields. A limited number of scholarships (around 10 per field) are awarded to successful candidates from developing countries (with particular emphasis on students from the least developed regions of the world) to cover travel and living expenses during their stay at ICTP. The selection of the candidates is based on their university performance as well as on academic recommendations. | | Content Territory |
|---|
No keywords found |
|
|
| 25 | | Scripps Research | |
| Subscribers | Subscribers Change | Country |
|---|
23K | +3.62 %
| USA | | Channel Description |
|---|
Scripps Research is pioneering a new model for nonprofit research institutes to address the significant health challenges facing humanity in the 21st century, from pandemic threats to the aging of the global population. Founded 100 years ago, Scripps Research is renowned in the life sciences and chemistry for scientific excellence and for training the scientific leaders of tomorrow.
Building on this solid foundation, we have established a unique model that seamlessly combines world-class fundamental and translational research to accelerate the development of innovative, new medicines. We believe this model best captures the impact of groundbreaking discoveries for the benefit of human health.
Moreover, revenues generated from these new medicines are reinvested into research, creating a self-renewing funding source and business model that amplifies investments in science and their ultimate impact on the public.
| | Channel Keywords |
|---|
scripps research institute | | Content Territory |
|---|
medical breakthroughs 4.4K neurodegenerative diseases 33K artificial intelligence in medicine 18K |
|
|
| 26 | | Sciences de la vie - Collège de France | |
| Subscribers | Subscribers Change | Country |
|---|
20K | +4.62 %
| France | | Channel Description |
|---|
La chaîne Sciences de la vie donne à voir tous les enseignements donnés par les professeurs du Collège de France spécialistes du domaine, ainsi que les séminaires et les colloques, les archives et les vidéos les plus récentes.
Le Collège de France est une institution de recherche fondamentale dans tous les champs de la connaissance et un lieu de diffusion du « savoir en train de se faire » ouvert à tous.
Les cours, séminaires, colloques sont enregistrés puis mis à disposition du public sur le site internet du Collège de France.
Consultez l'agenda des prochains cours, en accès libre et gratuit pour tous : https://www.college-de-france.fr/agenda
Suivez l'actualité des chaires en sciences de la vie ou (re)découvrez les cours des anciens professeurs :
https://www.college-de-france.fr/le-college/chaires-statutaires
Soutenir le Collège de France :
https://www.fondation-cdf.fr/faire-un-don
| | Channel Keywords |
|---|
| | Content Territory |
|---|
No keywords found |
|
|
| 27 | | Lettres, langage, philosophie - Collège de France | |
| Subscribers | Subscribers Change | Country |
|---|
19K | +2.66 %
| France | | Channel Description |
|---|
La chaîne Lettres, langage, philosophie donne à voir tous les enseignements donnés par les professeurs du Collège de France spécialistes de ces domaines, ainsi que les séminaires et les colloques, les archives et les vidéos les plus récentes.
Le Collège de France est une institution de recherche fondamentale dans tous les champs de la connaissance et un lieu de diffusion du « savoir en train de se faire » ouvert à tous.
Les cours, séminaires, colloques sont enregistrés puis mis à disposition du public sur le site internet du Collège de France.
Consultez l'agenda des prochains cours, en accès libre et gratuit pour tous : https://www.college-de-france.fr/agenda
Suivez l'actualité des chaires en littérature, linguistique et philosophie ou (re)découvrez les cours des anciens professeurs :
https://www.college-de-france.fr/le-college/chaires-statutaires
Soutenir le Collège de France :
https://www.fondation-cdf.fr/faire-un-don
| | Channel Keywords |
|---|
| | Content Territory |
|---|
No keywords found |
|
|
| 28 | | Sciences sociales - Collège de France | |
| Subscribers | Subscribers Change | Country |
|---|
18K | +32.12 %
| France | | Channel Description |
|---|
La chaîne Sciences sociales donne à voir tous les enseignements donnés par les professeurs du Collège de France spécialistes du domaine ainsi que les séminaires et les colloques, les archives et les vidéos les plus récentes.
Le Collège de France est une institution de recherche fondamentale dans tous les champs de la connaissance et un lieu de diffusion du « savoir en train de se faire » ouvert à tous.
Les cours, séminaires, colloques sont enregistrés puis mis à disposition du public sur le site internet du Collège de France.
Consultez l'agenda des prochains cours, en accès libre et gratuit pour tous : https://www.college-de-france.fr/agenda
Suivez l'actualité des chaires en sciences sociales ou (re)découvrez les cours des anciens professeurs :
https://www.college-de-france.fr/le-college/chaires-statutaires
Soutenir le Collège de France :
https://www.fondation-cdf.fr/faire-un-don
| | Channel Keywords |
|---|
| | Content Territory |
|---|
No keywords found |
|
|
| 29 | | Pacific Northwest National Laboratory | |
| Subscribers | Subscribers Change | Country |
|---|
18K | +0.57 %
| USA | | Channel Description |
|---|
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory advances the frontiers of knowledge, taking on some of the world’s greatest science and technology challenges. Distinctive strengths in chemistry, Earth sciences, biology, and data science are central to our scientific discovery mission.
| | Channel Keywords |
|---|
| | Content Territory |
|---|
pacific northwest national laboratory 9.9K artificial intelligence 1.8M |
|
|
| 30 | | Institut Pasteur | |
| Subscribers | Subscribers Change | Country |
|---|
17K | +1.18 %
| France | | Channel Description |
|---|
Centre de recherche biomédicale de renommée internationale, l’Institut Pasteur, créé en 1887 par Louis Pasteur, a pour mission de contribuer à la prévention et à la lutte contre les maladies, en France et dans le monde, par la recherche scientifique et médicale, l’enseignement, et des actions de santé publique. Depuis sa création, 10 chercheurs de l’Institut Pasteur ont reçu le prix Nobel de médecine.
Découvrez sur cette chaîne des contenus sur les grandes découvertes scientifiques, des portraits de scientifiques, des conférences, des projets innovants, ainsi que des contenus pédagogiques pour mieux comprendre les enjeux de santé et les avancées en biologie.
Abonnez-vous pour ne rien manquer des travaux et initiatives de l’Institut Pasteur !
| | Channel Keywords |
|---|
| | Content Territory |
|---|
No keywords found |
|
|
Data as of 2025-07-08 
